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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2025, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (02) : 178 -184. doi: 10.3877/ cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2025.02.007

临床论著

氨甲环酸不同给药途径在初次全膝关节置换的效果
严钰皓1, 刘选泽1, 包利帅1, 赫明亮1, 肖国庆1,()   
  1. 1. 610051 成都,核工业四一六医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-25 出版日期:2025-04-01
  • 通信作者: 肖国庆
  • 基金资助:
    成都市医学科研课题(2022125)

Effects of different administration routes of tranexamic acid during primary total knee arthroplasty

Yuhao Yan1, Xuanze Liu1, Lishuai Bao1, Mingliang He1, Guoqing Xiao1,()   

  1. 1. Department of Orthopedics, Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
  • Received:2024-09-25 Published:2025-04-01
  • Corresponding author: Guoqing Xiao
引用本文:

严钰皓, 刘选泽, 包利帅, 赫明亮, 肖国庆. 氨甲环酸不同给药途径在初次全膝关节置换的效果[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2025, 19(02): 178-184.

Yuhao Yan, Xuanze Liu, Lishuai Bao, Mingliang He, Guoqing Xiao. Effects of different administration routes of tranexamic acid during primary total knee arthroplasty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2025, 19(02): 178-184.

目的

观察初次行全膝关节置换术(TKA)患者采用氨甲环酸不同途径用药结合冷敷方案的临床应用效果。

方法

纳入2021年12月至2023年12月成都核工业四一六医院收治的TKA术患者148例,患者均为初次行TKA治疗的成人患者,且无氨甲环酸使用禁忌及重要脏器病变等疾病。利用随机数字表按分层随机法均分为4组:静脉组、关节腔组、联合组、口服组,每组37例,观察用药后4组凝血指标、炎症指标、总失血量与引流量、疼痛程度、关节活动度(rOM)和并发症发生率,计量资料多组间采用单因素方差分析,计数资料采用卡方或Fisher精确检验。

结果

4组中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、单核细胞与淋巴细胞比值(MLR)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体(D-D)水平比较,差异有统计学意义(F=14.580、19.180、4.391、7.974,均为P<0.05);其中联合组的FIB(q=6.808、6.407、8.810)、D-D(q=8.055、7.048、10.070)、NLR(q=3.963、3.699、4.668)、MLR(q=4.978、4.418、6.637)分别明显低于静脉组、关节腔组、口服组(均为P<0.05)。4组总失血量、引流量比较,差异有统计学意义(F=5.274、4.959,均为P<0.05);其中联合组总失血量(q=4.262、4.060、5.157)、引流量(q=3.095、4.135、5.012)均明显低于静脉组、关节腔组、口服组(均为P<0.05)。4组术后3、7 d的视觉模拟评分法评分及术后3 d的膝ROM 差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05),4组7 d的膝关节ROM比较,差异有统计学意义(F=6.083,P<0.05),其中联合组术后7 d的ROM明显高于口服组,差异有统计学意义(q=6.030,P<0.05)。4组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

结论

TKA患者不同途径给药联合冷敷有助于改善其凝血功能、炎症反应和围术期失血,其中静脉联合关节腔用药在改善炎症和抑制FIB、D-D水平及改善膝关节ROM方面可能有一定的优势。

Objective

To observe the clinical application effect on patients with primary total knee arthroplasty (tKA) receiving different administration routes of tranexamic acid combined with cold compress.

Methods

A total of 148 patients with TKA in Chengdu Nuclear Industry 416 Hospital were enrolled from December 2021 to December 2023. The patients were all adult patients who were treated with primary TKA,and there was no contraindication of tranexamic acid nor important organ lesions or diseases. The patients were divided into four groups according to the stratified randomization method by random number table method,including intravenous group (IV group), intra-articular group (IA group), combined group and oral group, 37 cases in each group. The coagulation indicators, inflammatory indicators, total blood loss volume and drainage volume, pain degree, joint range of motion (ROM) and incidence rates of complications were observed among the four groups after medication.One-way analysis of variance was used for measurement data among multiple groups, and chi square or Fisher exact test was used for enumeration data.

Results

The differences were statistically significant in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (nLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), fibrinogen(FIB) and D-dimer (D-D) among the four groups (F=14.580, 19.180, 4.391, 7.974, all P<0.05). FIB (q=6.808,6.407, 8.810), D-D (q=8.055, 7.048, 10.070), NLR (q=3.963, 3.699, 4.668) and MLR (q=4.978, 4.418,6.637) were significantly lower in the combined group than those in the IV group, IA group and oral group(all P<0.05). The differences were statistically significantin total blood loss volume and drainage volume among the four groups (F=5.27, 4.959, both P<0.05). Total blood loss volume (q=4.262, 4.060, 5.157) and drainage volume (q=3.095, 4.135, 5.012) were significantly lower in the combined group than those in the IV group, IA group and oral group (all P<0.05). The visual analogue scale scores at three and seven days after surgery and knee ROM at three days after surgery revealed no statistically significant differences among the four groups (all P>0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference in knee ROM at seven days after surgery (F=6.083,P<0.05). The ROM in the combined group at seven days after surgery was significantly higher than that in oral group (q=6.030, P<0.05). The incidence rates of complications exhibited no statistically significant differences among the four groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Different administration routes combined with cold compress for TKA patients can help to improve coagulation function, inflammatory response and perioperative blood loss.Intravenous medication combined with intra-articular medication may have certain advantages in improving inflammation, inhibiting FIB and D-D levels and improving knee ROM.

表1 一般资料比较
Table 1 Comparison of general data
表2 凝血指标比较(
Table 2 Comparison of general data
表3 炎症指标比较(
Table 3 Comparison of inflammatory indicators
表4 总失血量和引流量比较
Table 4 Comparison of total blood loss and drainage volume
表5 术后疼痛与膝ROM(
Table 5 Postoperative pain and ROM
表6 并发症发生率[ 例(%)]
Table 6 Incidences of complications[ n(%)]
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